Second Temple Judaism developed as political authority changed hands from the Persians to the Greeks, to the Jewish Hasmoneans, and finally to the Romans. | | | | | |---|---|---|---| |539–331 b.c.|331–164 b.c.|164–63 b.c.|63 b.c.–a.d. 70| |The Persian Period|The Hellenistic Period<br><br>- Ptolemaic (Egyptian) Period (320–198)<br>- Seleucid (Syrian) Period (198–164)|The Hasmonean (Maccabean) Period|The Roman Period|